Comparing Ant, Maven & Gradle

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="tidepool" default="package" basedir="."
         xmlns:ivy="antlib:org.apache.ivy.ant">

  <property name="release" value="21"/>
  <property name="version" value="1.0.0"/>
  <property name="build.dir" location="build"/>

  <!-- compile, test and jar one module; the Ivy configuration names the external libraries -->
  <macrodef name="module">
    <attribute name="name"/>
    <attribute name="classpathref"/>
    <sequential>
      <mkdir dir="${build.dir}/@{name}/classes"/>
      <javac srcdir="@{name}/src/main/java" destdir="${build.dir}/@{name}/classes"
             release="${release}" includeantruntime="false">
        <classpath refid="@{classpathref}"/>
      </javac>
      <jar destfile="${build.dir}/@{name}/@{name}-${version}.jar"
           basedir="${build.dir}/@{name}/classes"/>
    </sequential>
  </macrodef>

  <target name="resolve" description="resolve the external libraries with Ivy">
    <ivy:resolve/>
    <ivy:cachepath conf="engine" pathid="engine.libs"/>
    <ivy:cachepath conf="cli" pathid="cli.libs"/>
    <ivy:cachepath conf="test" pathid="test.libs"/>
  </target>

  <target name="model" description="compile and package tidepool-model">
    <path id="model.cp"/>
    <module name="tidepool-model" classpathref="model.cp"/>
  </target>

  <target name="engine" depends="resolve,model" description="compile and package tidepool-engine">
    <path id="engine.cp">
      <pathelement location="${build.dir}/tidepool-model/classes"/>
      <path refid="engine.libs"/>
    </path>
    <module name="tidepool-engine" classpathref="engine.cp"/>
  </target>

  <target name="cli" depends="engine" description="compile and package tidepool-cli">
    <path id="cli.cp">
      <pathelement location="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/classes"/>
      <pathelement location="${build.dir}/tidepool-model/classes"/>
      <path refid="cli.libs"/>
    </path>
    <module name="tidepool-cli" classpathref="cli.cp"/>
  </target>

  <target name="test" depends="engine" description="run the engine tests with the JUnit launcher">
    <path id="test.cp">
      <pathelement location="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/classes"/>
      <path refid="engine.cp"/>
      <path refid="test.libs"/>
    </path>
    <mkdir dir="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/test-classes"/>
    <mkdir dir="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/test-reports"/>
    <javac srcdir="tidepool-engine/src/test/java" destdir="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/test-classes"
           release="${release}" includeantruntime="false" classpathref="test.cp"/>
    <junitlauncher haltOnFailure="true" printSummary="true">
      <classpath>
        <pathelement location="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/test-classes"/>
        <path refid="test.cp"/>
      </classpath>
      <testclasses outputdir="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/test-reports">
        <fileset dir="${build.dir}/tidepool-engine/test-classes" includes="**/*Test.class"/>
        <listener type="legacy-plain" sendSysOut="true"/>
      </testclasses>
    </junitlauncher>
  </target>

  <target name="package" depends="cli,test" description="build all jars and run the tests"/>

  <target name="clean" description="delete the build directory">
    <delete dir="${build.dir}"/>
  </target>
</project>

<ivy-module version="2.0">
  <info organisation="io.tidepool" module="tidepool" revision="1.0.0"/>

  <configurations>
    <conf name="engine" description="libraries the engine needs at compile and run time"/>
    <conf name="cli" extends="engine" description="engine libraries plus the command line parser"/>
    <conf name="test" description="JUnit Jupiter and the launcher that runs it"/>
  </configurations>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency org="org.apache.commons" name="commons-csv" rev="1.14.1" conf="engine->default"/>
    <dependency org="info.picocli" name="picocli" rev="4.7.7" conf="cli->default"/>
    <dependency org="org.junit.jupiter" name="junit-jupiter" rev="6.1.3" conf="test->default"/>
    <dependency org="org.junit.platform" name="junit-platform-launcher" rev="6.1.3" conf="test->default"/>
  </dependencies>
</ivy-module>

ant -lib lib/ivy-2.6.0.jar clean package

[ivy:resolve] :: resolution report :: resolve 102ms :: artifacts dl 5ms
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
	|                  |            modules            ||   artifacts   |
	|       conf       | number| search|dwnlded|evicted|| number|dwnlded|
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
	|      engine      |   3   |   0   |   0   |   0   ||   3   |   0   |
	|        cli       |   4   |   0   |   0   |   0   ||   4   |   0   |
	|       test       |   10  |   0   |   0   |   0   ||   10  |   0   |
	---------------------------------------------------------------------

model:
    [mkdir] Created dir: tidepool/build/tidepool-model/classes
    [javac] Compiling 4 source files to tidepool/build/tidepool-model/classes
      [jar] Building jar: tidepool/build/tidepool-model/tidepool-model-1.0.0.jar

engine:
    [mkdir] Created dir: tidepool/build/tidepool-engine/classes
    [javac] Compiling 2 source files to tidepool/build/tidepool-engine/classes
      [jar] Building jar: tidepool/build/tidepool-engine/tidepool-engine-1.0.0.jar

cli:
    [mkdir] Created dir: tidepool/build/tidepool-cli/classes
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to tidepool/build/tidepool-cli/classes
      [jar] Building jar: tidepool/build/tidepool-cli/tidepool-cli-1.0.0.jar

test:
    [mkdir] Created dir: tidepool/build/tidepool-engine/test-classes
    [mkdir] Created dir: tidepool/build/tidepool-engine/test-reports
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to tidepool/build/tidepool-engine/test-classes
[junitlauncher] Running io.tidepool.engine.TideEngineTest
[junitlauncher] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Aborted: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0,034 sec

package:

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 0 seconds

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>io.tidepool</groupId>
  <artifactId>tidepool</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <modules>
    <module>tidepool-model</module>
    <module>tidepool-engine</module>
    <module>tidepool-cli</module>
  </modules>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.build.outputTimestamp>2026-01-01T00:00:00Z</project.build.outputTimestamp>
  </properties>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
        <version>6.1.3</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.16.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.6.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.5.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.5.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.5.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>
    <groupId>io.tidepool</groupId>
    <artifactId>tidepool</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>tidepool-model</artifactId>
</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>
    <groupId>io.tidepool</groupId>
    <artifactId>tidepool</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>tidepool-engine</artifactId>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.tidepool</groupId>
      <artifactId>tidepool-model</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-csv</artifactId>
      <version>1.14.1</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <parent>
    <groupId>io.tidepool</groupId>
    <artifactId>tidepool</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </parent>

  <artifactId>tidepool-cli</artifactId>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.tidepool</groupId>
      <artifactId>tidepool-engine</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>info.picocli</groupId>
      <artifactId>picocli</artifactId>
      <version>4.7.7</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <archive>
            <manifest>
              <mainClass>io.tidepool.cli.Main</mainClass>
            </manifest>
          </archive>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

mvn clean verify

[INFO] Building jar: tidepool/tidepool-model/target/tidepool-model-1.0.0.jar
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.028 s -- in io.tidepool.engine.TideEngineTest
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] Building jar: tidepool/tidepool-engine/target/tidepool-engine-1.0.0.jar
[INFO] Building jar: tidepool/tidepool-cli/target/tidepool-cli-1.0.0.jar
[INFO] Reactor Summary for tidepool 1.0.0:
[INFO] tidepool ........................................... SUCCESS [  0.074 s]
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] Total time:  1.983 s

java -jar tidepool-cli/target/tidepool-cli-1.0.0.jar data/stations.csv BOS

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: picocli/CommandLine
	at io.tidepool.cli.Main.main(Main.java:36)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: picocli.CommandLine

subprojects {
    apply(plugin = "java-library")

    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }

    group = "io.tidepool"
    version = "1.0.0"

    tasks.withType<JavaCompile> {
        options.release = 21
    }

    dependencies {
        "testImplementation"(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:6.1.3"))
        "testImplementation"("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter")
        "testRuntimeOnly"("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher")
    }

    tasks.withType<Test> {
        useJUnitPlatform()
    }
}

project(":tidepool-engine") {
    dependencies {
        "api"(project(":tidepool-model"))
        "implementation"("org.apache.commons:commons-csv:1.14.1")
    }
}

project(":tidepool-cli") {
    apply(plugin = "application")

    dependencies {
        "implementation"(project(":tidepool-engine"))
        "implementation"("info.picocli:picocli:4.7.7")
    }

    extensions.configure<JavaApplication> {
        mainClass = "io.tidepool.cli.Main"
    }
}

rootProject.name = "tidepool"

include("tidepool-model", "tidepool-engine", "tidepool-cli")

subprojects {
    apply plugin: 'java-library'

    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }

    group = 'io.tidepool'
    version = '1.0.0'

    tasks.withType(JavaCompile).configureEach {
        options.release = 21
    }

    dependencies {
        testImplementation platform('org.junit:junit-bom:6.1.3')
        testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter'
        testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
    }

    tasks.withType(Test).configureEach {
        useJUnitPlatform()
    }
}

project(':tidepool-engine') {
    dependencies {
        api project(':tidepool-model')
        implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-csv:1.14.1'
    }
}

project(':tidepool-cli') {
    apply plugin: 'application'

    dependencies {
        implementation project(':tidepool-engine')
        implementation 'info.picocli:picocli:4.7.7'
    }

    application {
        mainClass = 'io.tidepool.cli.Main'
    }
}

rootProject.name = 'tidepool'

include 'tidepool-model', 'tidepool-engine', 'tidepool-cli'

./gradlew clean build

> Task :tidepool-cli:clean
> Task :tidepool-engine:clean
> Task :tidepool-model:clean
> Task :tidepool-model:compileJava
> Task :tidepool-engine:compileJava
> Task :tidepool-cli:compileJava
> Task :tidepool-cli:processResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-cli:classes
> Task :tidepool-cli:jar
> Task :tidepool-engine:processResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-engine:classes
> Task :tidepool-engine:jar
> Task :tidepool-model:processResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-model:classes
> Task :tidepool-model:jar
> Task :tidepool-cli:startScripts
> Task :tidepool-cli:distTar
> Task :tidepool-cli:distZip
> Task :tidepool-cli:assemble
> Task :tidepool-cli:compileTestJava NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-cli:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-cli:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
> Task :tidepool-cli:test NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-cli:check UP-TO-DATE
> Task :tidepool-cli:build
> Task :tidepool-engine:assemble
> Task :tidepool-engine:compileTestJava
> Task :tidepool-engine:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-engine:testClasses
> Task :tidepool-engine:test
> Task :tidepool-engine:check
> Task :tidepool-engine:build
> Task :tidepool-model:assemble
> Task :tidepool-model:compileTestJava NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-model:processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-model:testClasses UP-TO-DATE
> Task :tidepool-model:test NO-SOURCE
> Task :tidepool-model:check UP-TO-DATE
> Task :tidepool-model:build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 4s
14 actionable tasks: 14 executed
Consider enabling configuration cache to speed up this build: https://docs.gradle.org/9.8.1/userguide/configuration_cache_enabling.html

./gradlew -q :tidepool-cli:run --args="../data/stations.csv BOS"
./gradlew -q installDist
tidepool-cli/build/install/tidepool-cli/bin/tidepool-cli data/stations.csv HNL

Boston: -0,662 m
Honolulu: -0,112 m

mvn org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-dependency-plugin:3.11.0:tree -Dscope=runtime -pl tidepool-cli -am

[INFO] io.tidepool:tidepool-cli:jar:1.0.0
[INFO] +- io.tidepool:tidepool-engine:jar:1.0.0:compile
[INFO] |  +- io.tidepool:tidepool-model:jar:1.0.0:compile
[INFO] |  \- org.apache.commons:commons-csv:jar:1.14.1:compile
[INFO] |     +- commons-io:commons-io:jar:2.20.0:compile
[INFO] |     \- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.19.0:compile
[INFO] \- info.picocli:picocli:jar:4.7.7:compile

./gradlew -q :tidepool-cli:dependencies --configuration runtimeClasspath

runtimeClasspath - Runtime classpath of source set 'main'.
+--- project ':tidepool-engine'
|    +--- project ':tidepool-model'
|    \--- org.apache.commons:commons-csv:1.14.1
|         +--- commons-io:commons-io:2.20.0
|         \--- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.19.0
\--- info.picocli:picocli:4.7.7

./gradlew -q :tidepool-cli:dependencies --configuration compileClasspath

compileClasspath - Compile classpath for source set 'main'.
+--- project ':tidepool-engine'
|    \--- project ':tidepool-model'
\--- info.picocli:picocli:4.7.7

  <taskdef resource="org/apache/ivy/ant/antlib.xml" uri="antlib:org.apache.ivy.ant"
           classpath="${basedir}/lib/ivy-2.6.0.jar"/>

ant.importBuild("build.xml")

./gradlew --no-daemon clean cli

> Task :clean
> Task :resolve
> Task :model
> Task :engine
> Task :cli

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 2s
5 actionable tasks: 5 executed